1 1 Purpose and Background 1.1 The Energy Efficiency Standard for Social Housing (EESSH) aims to encourage landlords to improve the energy efficiency of social housing in Scotland. This supports the Scottish Government’s vision of warm, high quality, affordable, low.
To understand how insulation works it helps to understand heat flow, which involves three basic mechanisms - conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction is the way heat moves through materials, such as when a spoon placed in a hot cup of coffee conducts heat through its handle to your hand.
Convection is the way heat circulates through liquids and gases, and is why lighter, warmer air rises, and cooler, denser air sinks in your home. Radiant heat travels in a straight line and heats anything solid in its path that absorbs its energy.Most common insulation materials work by slowing conductive heat flow and-to a lesser extent-convective heat flow. And systems work by reducing radiant heat gain.
To be effective, the reflective surface must face an air space.Regardless of the mechanism, heat flows from warmer to cooler until there is no longer a temperature difference. In your home, this means that in winter, heat flows directly from all heated living spaces to adjacent unheated attics, garages, basements, and even to the outdoors. Heat flow can also move indirectly through interior ceilings, walls, and floors-wherever there is a difference in temperature. During the cooling season, heat flows from the outdoors to the interior of a house.To maintain comfort, the heat lost in the winter must be replaced by your heating system and the heat gained in the summer must be removed by your cooling system. Properly insulating your home will decrease this heat flow by providing an effective resistance to the flow of heat.
An insulating material’s resistance to conductive heat flow is measured or rated in terms of its thermal resistance or R-value - the higher the R-value, the greater the insulating effectiveness. The R-value depends on the type of insulation, its thickness, and its density. The R-value of some insulations also depends on temperature, aging, and moisture accumulation.
When calculating the R-value of a multilayered installation, add the R-values of the individual layers.Installing more insulation in your home increases the R-value and the resistance to heat flow. In general, increased insulation thickness will proportionally increase the R-value. However, as the installed thickness increases for loose-fill insulation, the settled density of the product increases due to compression of the insulation under its own weight. Because of this compression, loose-fill insulation R-value does not change proportionately with thickness. To determine how much insulation you need for your climate, consult a local.The effectiveness of an insulation material’s resistance to heat flow also depends on how and where the insulation is installed. For example, insulation that is compressed will not provide its full rated R-value.
The overall R-value of a wall or ceiling will be somewhat different from the R-value of the insulation itself because heat flows more readily through studs, joists, and other building materials, in a phenomenon known as thermal bridging. In addition, insulation that fills building cavities densely enough to reduce airflow can also reduce convective heat loss.Unlike traditional insulation materials, are highly reflective materials that re-emit radiant heat rather than absorbing it, reducing cooling loads. As such, a radiant barrier has no inherent R-value.Although it is possible to calculate an R-value for a specific radiant barrier or installation, the effectiveness of these systems lies in their ability to reduce heat gain by reflecting heat away from the living space.The amount of insulation or R-value you'll need depends on your climate, type of heating and cooling system, and the part of the house you plan to insulate. To learn more, see our information on.
Also, remember that and are important to home energy efficiency, health, and comfort. All of Alaska in Zone 7 except for the following Boroughs in Zone 8:. Bethel. Dellingham. Fairbanks N. Star.
Nome. North Slope. Northwest Arctic. Southeast Fairbanks. Wade Hampton.
Yukon-KoyukukZone 1 includes Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands.Add Insulation to AtticZoneUninsulated AtticExisting 3-4 Inches of InsulationFloor1R30 to R49R25 to R30R132R30 to R60R25 to R38R13 to R193R30 to R60R25 to R38R19 to R254R38 to R60R38R25 to R305R49 to R60R38 to R49R25 to R30. Run the gamut from bulky fiber materials such as fiberglass, rock and slag wool, cellulose, and natural fibers to rigid foam boards to sleek foils.
Bulky materials resist conductive and - to a lesser degree - convective heat flow in a building cavity. Rigid foam boards trap air or another gas to resist conductive heat flow.
Highly reflective foils in radiant barriers and reflective insulation systems reflect radiant heat away from living spaces, making them particularly useful in cooling climates. Other less common materials such as cementitious and phenolic foams and vermiculite and perlite are also available.
AbstractData movement over long and highly capacitive inter-connects is responsible for a large fraction of the energy consumed in nanometer ICs. DDRx, the most broadly adopted family of DRAM interfaces, contributes signif-icantly to the overall system energy in a wide range of computer systems. To reduce the energy cost of data transfers, DDR4 adopts a pseudo open-drain IO circuit that consumes power only when transmitting or receiv-ing a 0, which makes the IO energy proportional to the number of 0s transferred over the data bus. A data bus invert (DBI) coding technique is therefore supported by the DDR4 standard to encode each byte using a small number of 0s. Although sparse coding techniques that are more advanced than DBI can reduce the IO power further, the relatively high bandwidth overhead of these codes has heretofore prevented their application to the DDRx bus.
This paper presents MiL (More is Less), a novel data communication framework built on top of DDR4, which exploits the data bus under-utilization caused by DRAM timing constraints to selectively apply sparse codes, thereby reducing the IO energy without compromising system performance. Evaluation results on a set of eleven par-allel applications show that MiL can reduce the average IO interface energy by 49%, and the average DRAM system energy by 8% when added on top of a conven-tional DDR4 system, with less than 2% performance degradation on average.